High Performance AWGR PONs in Data Centre Networks

The unprecedented advances in Passive Optical Networks (PONs) and their proven performance in access networks have encouraged researcher to investigate the use of passive optics to address the limitations of conventional data centre architectures. In this paper, we present a scalable, high capacity and energy efficient arrayed wave guide grating router (AWGR) PON based data centre architecture to facilitate inter and intra racks communication within data centres. The proposed architecture can be scaled up efficiently to hundreds of thousands of servers and has shown energy savings of 45% and 80% compared to the Fat-Tree and BCube architectures, respectively

Energy Efficient Virtual Machines Placement Over Cloud-Fog Network Architecture

Fog computing is an emerging paradigm that aims to improve the efficiency and QoS of cloud computing by extending the cloud to the edge of the network. This paper develops a comprehensive energy efficiency analysis framework based on mathematical modeling and heuristics to study the offloading of virtual machine (VM) services from the cloud to the fog. The analysis addresses the impact of different factors including the traffic between the VM and its users, the VM workload, the workload versus number of users profile and the proximity of fog nodes to users. Overall, the power consumption can be reduced if the VM users’ traffic is high and/or the VMs have a linear power profile. In such a linear profile case, the creation of multiple VM replicas does not increase the computing power consumption significantly (there may be a slight increase due to idle / baseline power consumption) if the number of users remains constant, however the VM replicas can be brought closer to the end users, thus reducing the transport network power consumption. In our scenario, the optimum placement of VMs over a cloud-fog architecture significantly decreased the total power consumption by 56% and 64% under high user data rates compared to optimized distributed clouds placement and placement in the existing AT&T network cloud locations, respectively

A Network Topology for Composable Infrastructures

This paper proposes a passive optical backplane as a new network topology for composable computing infrastructures. The topology provides a high capacity, low-latency and flexible fabric that interconnects disaggregated resource components. The network topology is dedicated to inter-resource communication between composed logical hosts to ensure effective performance. We formulated a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model that dynamically creates logical networks to support intra logical host communication over the physical network topology. The MILP performs energy efficient logical network instantiation given each application's resource demand. The topology can achieve 1 Tbps capacity per resource node given appropriate wavelength transmission data rate and the right number of wavelengths per node

Green Saudi National Fibre Network (SNFN)

In 2015, there were more than 21 Million active users of the Internet in Saudi Arabia. In the present paper, we consider minimizing the power consumption of the Saudi National Fibre Network (SNFN) by formulating the problem as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. Firstly, we optimize the location of single or multiple data centres in the SNFN under a traffic profile based on a gravity model where the production rate and attractiveness of each node is proportional to the population of that node. We evaluate the network power consumption considering three scenarios of data centre locations. The MILP model results show that identifying the optimum data centre locations can save up to 53% of the network power consumption compared to the random data centre locations. Secondly, we optimize the SNFN physical topology considering different data centers locations. Moreover, the model results show that optimizing the network physical topology can save up to 76% of the total power consumption compared to the current topology

On the Energy Efficiency of MapReduce Shuffling Operations in Data Centers

This paper aims to quantitatively measure the impact of different data centers networking topologies on the performance and energy efficiency of shuffling operations in MapReduce. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) models are utilized to optimize the shuffling in several data center topologies with electronic, hybrid, and all-optical switching while maximizing the throughput and reducing the power consumption. The results indicate that the networking topology has a significant impact on the performance of MapReduce. They also indicate that with comparable performance, optical-based data centers can achieve an average of 54% reduction in the energy consumption when compared to electronic switching data centers

PON Data Centre Design with AWGR and Server Based Routing

Passive Optical Networks (PONs) with their proven performance in access networks can provide solutions to the challenges facing modern data centres. In this paper, we study a PON architecture where Arrayed Waveguide Grating Routers (AWGRs) and servers are used to route traffic. We optimize the wavelength routing and assignment in the design and show through a benchmark study that the PON data centre architecture reduces the power consumption by 83% compared to the Fat-Tree architecture and 93% compared to the BCube architecture

Energy-Efficient Software-Defined AWGR-Based PON Data Center Network

In this paper, we present our results on tackling the oversubscription issue in the inter-cell communication in the Arrayed Waveguide PON based data center architecture proposed in our recent work. We enhance the bandwidth allocation by introducing 2-tiers of AWGRs to facilitate multipath routing and energy-efficient utilisation of resources. We also employ a centralized Software Defined Network (SDN) control and management system to coordinate and arbitrate the channel access for communication through the OLT links with PONs via wavelength reconfiguration and energy-efficient grooming. A benchmarking study between the proposed SDN architecture against the decentralized conventional design shows that with the SDN enabled architecture, the power consumption can be decreased by up to 90% for typical average data rates while maintaining zero blocking

Energy Efficient Software Matching in Distributed Vehicular Fog Based Architecture with Cloud and Fixed Fog Nodes

The rapid development of vehicles on-board units and the proliferation of autonomous vehicles in modrn cities create a potential for a new fog computing paradigm, referred to as vehicular fog computing (VFC). In this paper, we propose an architecture that integrates a vehicular fog (VF) composed of vehicles clustered in a parking lot with a fixed fog node at the access network and the central cloud. We investigate the problem of energy efficient software matching in the VF considering different approaches to deploy software packages in vehicles

Server-Centric PON Data Center Architecture

Over the last decade, the evolution of data center architecture designs has been mainly driven by the ever increasing bandwidth demands, high power consumption and cost. With all these in mind, a significant potential to improve bandwidth capacity and reduce power consumption and cost can be achieved by introducing PONs in the design of the networking fabric infrastructure in data centers. This work presents a novel server-centric PON design for future cloud data center architecture. We avoided the use of power hungry devices such as switches and tuneable lasers and encouraged the use of low power passive optical backplanes and PONs to facilitate intra and inter rack communication. We also tackle the problem of resource provisioning optimization and present our MILP model results for energy efficient routing and resource provisioning within the PON cell. We optimized the selection of hosting servers, routing paths and relay servers to achieve efficient resource utilization reaching 95% and optimum saving in energy consumption reaching 59%

PON Data Centre Design with AWGR and Server Based Routing

Passive Optical Networks (PONs) with their proven performance in access networks can provide solutions to the challenges facing modern data centres. In this paper, we study a PON architecture where Arrayed Waveguide Grating Routers (AWGRs) and servers are used to route traffic. We optimize the wavelength routing and assignment in the design and show through a benchmark study that the PON data centre architecture reduces the power consumption by 83% compared to the Fat-Tree architecture and 93% compared to the BCube architecture